CONSTRUCTION SCIENCE FORENSICSBuilding envelope experts
Reference

Most commonly adopted construction standards & codes.

The code families and industry standards that CSF's cause-and-origin findings, scopes of work and repair-cost estimates are measured against. Use this as a starting reference — always confirm which edition and amendments a specific jurisdiction has adopted before relying on it for design or compliance.

This page is a general reference, not a determination of what applies to any specific project or jurisdiction. Code adoption varies by state, county and city, and by edition and local amendment. Use the adoption-lookup tools at the bottom of this page to confirm the codes in force where a building sits.

International Code Council (ICC) — the I-Codes

The most widely adopted building regulations in the United States. All 50 states have adopted some portion of the ICC code family.

CodeCoversReference
IBC International Building CodeCommercial and multi-family building design and construction.codes.iccsafe.org
IRC International Residential CodeOne- and two-family dwellings and townhouses.codes.iccsafe.org
IFC International Fire CodeFire prevention, fire protection systems, hazardous materials and emergency access.codes.iccsafe.org
IEBC International Existing Building CodeRenovation, alteration and reuse of existing buildings.codes.iccsafe.org
IECC International Energy Conservation CodeEnergy-efficiency requirements for buildings.iccsafe.org
IMC International Mechanical CodeHVAC and mechanical system requirements.codes.iccsafe.org
IPC International Plumbing CodePlumbing system design and installation.codes.iccsafe.org
IFGC International Fuel Gas CodeFuel gas piping and appliance installations.codes.iccsafe.org

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Many jurisdictions adopt NFPA standards directly, or by reference within their building and fire codes.

StandardCovers
NFPA 70National Electrical Code
NFPA 101Life Safety Code
NFPA 13Installation of sprinkler systems
NFPA 72Fire alarm and signaling code
NFPA 855Energy storage systems

NFPA Codes & Standards Library →

Structural & materials standards

Referenced by nearly every adopted building code for structural design, testing and materials.

PublisherKey standardReference
ASCE — American Society of Civil EngineersASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structuresasce.org
ASTM InternationalE119 Fire tests · C94 Ready-mix concrete · A36 Structural steelastm.org
ACI — American Concrete InstituteACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete · ACI 301 Specifications for Structural Concreteconcrete.org
AISC — American Institute of Steel ConstructionANSI/AISC 360 · AISC Steel Construction Manualaisc.org
AWC — American Wood CouncilNational Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction · SDPWS (Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic)awc.org

Accessibility standards

Commonly adopted by state and local governments alongside the building code.

StandardReference
2021 / 2024 IBC Accessibility Provisionscodes.iccsafe.org
ADA Standards for Accessible Designada.gov

Confirm what's adopted in a specific jurisdiction

Code adoption is decided state by state and often amended locally. Use these tools to check what actually applies before relying on this page for a specific address.

ToolReference
ICC Code Adoption Resourcesiccsafe.org/advocacy/code-adoption-resources
ICC State Adoption Mapiccsafe.org/advocacy/adoptions-map
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